Régionalisation – Regionalization

Régionalisation

Forme de décentralisation au profit des régions auxquelles un Etat accorde une autonomie administrative et transfère certaines de ses prérogatives. Le terme “régionalisation” désigne une organisation du monde où l’accent est davantage mis sur le niveau régional, au sens des grandes régions du monde (Europe, Amérique du Nord, Amérique Latine, Asie et Afrique). La régionalisation permet aux Etats qui les composent d’avoir un poids plus important dans les négociations commerciales internationales.

Source: “régionalisation”. Toupie.org. [En ligne] 13 avril, 2014.

Regionalization

The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions. One of the more obvious examples of regionalization is the division of a nation into states or provinces. Businesses also use regionalization as a management tool and a way to make certain that needs unique to particular areas are met.

Source: “regionalization.” BusinessDictionary.com. Web. 13 Apr. 2014.

Images: Flickr, Creative Commons License, 2014.

Lien d’un nouveau terme sur Term Wiki: économie infonuagique

 

Lien d’un nouveau terme sur Term Wiki: économie infonuagique 

(cliquez ici)

Image source: Wikimedia Commons, 2014.

Économie de l’information – Information Economy

Économie de l’information

Les principes de l’économie de l’information : les biens d’information, le secteur de la connaissance et de la production intellectuelle, les réseaux.

Source: “économie de l’information”. Termium Plus. Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2014.

Information Economy

Economy in which knowledge is the primary raw material and source of value. It is characterized by (1) convergence and integration of communication and data processing technologies into information technology (IT), (2) pervasive influence of IT on economic activity such that the most workers are information workers and most products are information products, and (3) application of IT networks throughout the economic institutions, organizations, and processes resulting in a very high degree flexibility, weakening of regulatory control, and acceleration of globalization.

Source:

“Information Economy.” BusinessDictionary.com. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

Images: Flickr, Creative Commons License, 2014.

Économie du savoir – Knowledge Economy

Économie du savoir

Économie fondée sur la connaissance et l’innovation technologique comme moteur de croissance et de création de richesse.

Source:

Ménard, Louis, et al. Dictionnaire de la comptabilité et de la gestion financière : anglais-français avec index français-anglais. Toronto : Institut canadien des comptables agréés, 2004. [En ligne]

Knowledge Economy

A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital. The knowledge economy commonly makes up a large share of all economic activity in developed countries. In a knowledge economy, a significant part of a company’s value may consist of intangible assets, such as the value of its workers’ knowledge (intellectual capital). However, generally accepted accounting principles do not allow companies to include these assets on balance sheets.

Source:

“Knowledge Economy.” Investopedia. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

Images:

Flickr, Creative Commons License, 2014.

 

 

Bibliographie comentée sur la nouvelle économie – Annotated Bibliography on the New Economy

Documents en français

Arès, Mathieu et Eric Boulanger. L’investissement et la nouvelle économie mondiale : trajectoires nationales, réseaux mondiaux et normes internationales, 2012. Web. [page consultée le 21 janvier 2014]

Ouvrage complet qui traite de la non-uniformité des politiques et des règles d’investissement dans la mondialisation et la nouvelle économie. Les auteurs examinent plusieurs aspects qui font partie de la réalité de la mondialisation et de la nouvelle économie : le rapport entre l’État et les entreprises, et le rôle de l’État comme protecteur des intérêts économiques nationaux.

Bialès, Christian. « La nouvelle économie en questions » (2013). Montpellier, France. URL : http://christian-biales.net/documents/Nouvelleeconomie.pdf [page consultée le 26 janvier 2014]

Travail qui examine les différents aspects de la nouvelle économie. L’auteur met en question la nouvelle économie, en analysant les fluctuations boursières créées par les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication (NTIC) aux États-Unis.

Djerrahian, Gabriella et Normand Labrie. « La reconfiguration linguistique dans une entreprise canadienne à l’ère de la mondialisation » Francophonies d’Amerique, no. 27, 2009, p. 105 129. URL : http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/039826ar [page consultée le 20 janvier 2014]

 Article intéressant qui analyse l’impact de la nouvelle économie sur les pratiques de travail et les pratiques langagières. Les chercheurs examinent la façon dont se déroule la gestion du pluralisme linguistique dans une entreprise particulière dans le contexte de la mondialisation, de la nouvelle économie et du néolibéralisme.

 Polèse, Mario. « Montréal doit profiter de la nouvelle importance des centres-villes ». Le Devoir, 8 octobre 2013. URL : http://www.ledevoir.com/politique/montreal/389408/montreal- doit-profiter-de-la-nouvelle-importance-des-centres-villes [page consultée le 24 janvier 2014]

 Dans cet article, l’auteur compare certaines villes aux États Unis qui ont profité de la nouvelle économie en attirant plusieurs entreprises œuvrant dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies de l’information (NTI). Cette perspective peut présenter des leçons pour l’avenir économique de Montréal.

 Teulon, Frédéric. La nouvelle économie mondiale. Presses Universitaires de France, 2008. URL : http://www.amazon.fr/Nouvelle-%C3%A9conomie-mondiale-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric- Teulon/dp/2130525296 [page consultée le 20 janvier 2014]

 L’auteur fait un rappel historique de l’économie mondiale tout en passant de la découverte du continent américain à la révolution industrielle, la Seconde Guerre mondiale et le progrès technique dans le domaine des communications, phénomène qui a accéléré la mondialisation.

 

Sources in English

Florida, Richard. “The Boom Towns and Ghost Towns of the New Economy.” The Atlantic. 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. URL: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/10/the-boom-towns-and-ghost-towns- of-the-new-economy/309460/

 The author analyses thoroughly the aftermath of the 2009 financial crash in the United States. He makes a comparison between several cities in the United States: those who have diversified their economy towards high technology have experienced rapid economic growth, whereas those who have maintained their ties to the old economy have continued to decline.

 Lazonick, William. “The New Economy Business Model and the Crisis of U.S. Capitalism.” Capitalism and Society, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

 The author makes a deep analysis of the effect of the new economy in the United States. While the information and communication technology industry has transformed and developed society, there are many high-tech labor issues that are often disregarded, such as demand for younger workers and workers from developing nations to employ them at lower wages.

 Lundvall, Bengt-Ake. “Why the New Economy is a Learning Economy.” Techno-Economic Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Carlota Perez, Ed. by Wolfgang Dreschsler, Rainer Kattel and Erik S. Reiner. New York: Anthem Press, 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

 Interesting article that provides a definition of the new economy and analyzes many issues of information and communications technology (ICT) in the context of the world financial crisis. The author presents a skeptical light about the new economy, while bringing up statistical analysis of Europe and the United States.

 “New Economy.” Investopedia. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. URL: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/neweconomy.asp

 Investopedia is a leading website that contains relevant information on financial terminology as well as published articles on financial markets, investment, and an array of educational material on micro and macroeconomics. Clear and concise definitions help understand an array of terms that may otherwise prove difficult for the layman.

 Pupo, Norene and Mark Thomas. Interrogating the New Economy: Restructuring Work in the 21st Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

 This book consists of a collection of essays that focuses on the emergence of the new economy and its impact on workers and their communities within Canada, as well as the reshaping of management tendencies in both the private and public sector.

Microéconomie et macroéconomie – Microeconomics and Macroeconomics – Microeconomía y macroeconomía

La microéconomie est la « [b]ranche de l’économie qui étudie les comportements individuels des sujets économiques ».

Par contre, la macroéconomie est la « [b]ranche de l’économie étudiant les grandes structures et les phénomènes économiques globaux ».

Source: « microéconomie et macroéconomie  », Antidote HD, version 6.1  [Logiciel], Montréal, Druide informatique, 2012.

While doing research for the terms microeconomics and macroeconomics I found a good article from Investopedia that makes a clear contrast between both terms:

“Microeconomics is the study of decisions that people and businesses make regarding the allocation of resources and prices of goods and services. This means also taking into account taxes and regulations created by governments. Microeconomics focuses on supply and demand and other forces that determine the price levels seen in the economy. For example, microeconomics would look at how a specific company could maximize it’s production and capacity so it could lower prices and better compete in its industry.

Macroeconomics, on the other hand, is the field of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole and not just on specific companies, but entire industries and economies. This looks at economy-wide phenomena, such as Gross National Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels. For example, macroeconomics would look at how an increase/decrease in net exports would affect a nation’s capital account or how GDP would be affected by unemployment rate. ”

Source: Investopedia. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.

En español, la microeconomía bien podría caber en la siguiente definición:

“Parte de la ciencia económica que estudia los fenómenos económicos desde el punto de vista de las unidades económicas elementales: empresa, hogar, etc. La microeconomía se preocupa de analizar estructuras de mercado, fijación de costos y precios, niveles de producción de máxima eficiencia y curvas de oferta y demanda entre otros”.

La macroeconomía, sin embargo, cabe en una definición mucho más corta:

“Estudio de los sistemas económicos como un todo, empleando magnitudes colectivas o globales”.

Fuente: TermiumPlus. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.

Concept Map of the New Economy

Looking up for a definition for a concept map, I found one in Termium Plus: “A diagram representing the relationships between system or programming concepts derived from doing an analysis of product concepts.”

If this definition doesn’t seem clear enough, I have posted below a small concept map of the New Economy, something that may be useful for a terminology project.

The Importance of Terminology within the New Economy

A recent article in The Washington Post points out the lack of a precise word to define the troubling state of the world economy. “Recession” or “depression” are words that are too strong because, after all, the author says, it is not as bad as what occurred in the 1930s. Instead, he proposes terms like “secular stagnation” or “affluent deprivation.” The former implies a general sluggishness of the economy and the latter brings to mind the weakened economies of first-world countries (and, therefore, the emptier pockets of inhabitants of these places). Yet, the two terms fail to truly capture the present economic reality. But why is it so important to come up with a better term?

Good terminology, in fact, helps us elucidate concepts and opens the keys for us to understand various fields and disciplines.

Terminology can also be a powerful tool for governments to gain public approval of a particular legislation or to defend controversial policies or decisions. In this case, terminology can become a long list of all sorts of euphemisms.

Under the New Economy, high technology has evolved rapidly and the Internet has developed in ways that were never imagined before. New terms pop up every day (enunciating the function of a website or defining new electronic gadgets): some are added to standard dictionaries as they become regular words, others become obsolete.

A few years ago, renting a video meant going to a physical video store, and selecting and borrowing for a fee a hard copy (VHS or DVD), which we would promptly watch and return —or else, we would pay late fees— (of course, there are still video stores but this practice is becoming more rare or those places are going bankrupt).

These days, renting a video can be applied to the action of going into a website and, through credit card payment, have a video file streamed to your computer so that you can watch it for a limited time (usually, no more than 24 hours).

A similar process happens when watching a movie from an online provider such as Netflix, though you can play the movie as many times as you want, for as long as you want, as long as you pay your monthly subscription. But we wouldn’t say: “The other day, I rented a video on Netflix.” We wouldn’t because we have access to hundreds of movies and it is not an accurate thing to say. We would rather say something like: “The other day, I watched a movie on Netflix.” But what term could we use, so that we could disassociate that action from the company or the platform we are using? Someone could argue that I could just say that I simply watched a movie. But there would be too much ambiguity in that statement. Did I go to the cinema? Do I have cable TV? Did I watch it on regular broadcast TV? The main purpose of terminology is to eliminate this sort of ambiguity.

While I haven’t come up with a proper term to name the action of watching films and television on Netflix, I do want to point out that terminology is still a necessity, as the world is becoming a more complicated place under the New Economy. And, of course, we need to better understand it.

Naturally, if nobody comes up with a term anytime soon (or if Netflix still doesn’t find a direct succesful competitor), the term will find its way through in the form of a verb and we could all soon be saying: “The other day, I Netflixed a movie.”

Work Cited

Samuelson, Robert J. “Times have changed, and our economic vocabulary can’t keep up.” The

Washington Post 1 Dec. 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.

Quelques termes importants – A few important terms – Algunos términos importantes

Globalisation: « fait social total d’où émerge un “système-monde” au-delà des relations internationales ou de la mondialisation ».

Mondialisation : « interdépendance croissante des pays qui résulte de l’intégration de plus en plus prononcée du commerce, de la finance, des personnes et des idées au sein d’un seul et même marché mondial ».
Globalization: “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.”

Globalización: “integración de las economías y las sociedades a medida que caen las barreras para la circulación de ideas, personas, servicios y capitales”.

Internationalisation: « processus temporel mais dynamique qui a pour objectif l’introduction de l’entreprise sur des marchés étrangers, le plus souvent éloignés et différents culturellement, économiquement et juridiquement de ceux du marché national de l’entreprise ».

Internationalization: “Path taken by a company to place itself in world market”.

Internacionalización: “estrategia corporativa de crecimiento por diversificación geográfica internacional, a través de un proceso evolutivo y dinámico de largo plazo que afecta gradualmente a las diferentes actividades de la cadena valor y a la estructura organizativa de una empresa, con un compromiso e implicación creciente de sus recursos y capacidades con el entorno internacional, y basado en un conocimiento aumentativo”.

Localisation : « Adaptation d’un produit à un groupe d’une zone géographique donnée ».

Localization: “ process of adapting a product (such as a software program, website etc.) to language and culture of a particular region.”

Localización: “Adaptación de un producto a la lengua o cultura a la que se destina”.

Sources

Au Delà de la Croissance Économique, « XII. Mondialisation et commerce international ». Site de Le Groupe Banque Mondiale [En ligne], URL : http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/french/beyond/global/chapter12.html (page consultée le 20 janvier 2014).

Giddens, A. (1990) Consequences of Modernity, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014. Print.

“Globalización: Marco para la participación del FMI”. Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI). URL: https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2002/esl/031502s.htm (página consultada el 20 de enero, 2014).

« localisation », Dictionnaire de définitions, Antidote RX, version 6.1 [Logiciel], Montréal, Druide informatique, 2014.

Mbengue, Cheik. « La dimension culturelle dans l’elaboration et la mise en oeuvre des strategies d’internationalisation de l’entreprise ». Université Paul Cézanne, 2007. URL : http://www.memoireonline.com/ (page consultée le 20 janvier 2014).

Public Works and Government Services Canada. Termium Plus, 2014. URL: http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/ (page consultée le 20 janvier 2014).

Rocher, Guy. «La mondialisation : un phénomène pluriel», dans Une société-monde ? Les dynamiques sociales de la mondialisation, sous la direction de Daniel Mercure, Québec,    Les Presses de l’Université Laval et De Boeck Université, 2001, p. 17-31.

Villarreal Larrinaga, Oskar. “La internacionalización de la empresa y la empresa multinacional: una revisión conceptual contemporánea”. Cuadernos de Gestión Vol. 5. No. 2, 2005. pp. 55-73. Impreso.